Barack Obama :: American Politics, Leadership

In 2007 when then Senator Barack Obama announced his run for the presidency of the United States, the country was experiencing great turmoil and people were ready for a change in leadership. No matter what political party you held, it appeared to be an overwhelming sentiment that people were looking for a shift in direction, especially relating to the bad economical positions a lot of Americans had found themselves in. All of the challenges that the country was experiencing was a sign that the next President would have to lead based on social, political and economical environments. This diverse demand was aligned with the more contemporary study of match the leader’s style with the demand of the assignment. To better ensure a leader’s effectiveness, many high profile leaders are being singled out as a way to correlate success with a leader’s approach. As a contemporary leader, President Barak Obama’s leadership style is constantly being critiqued. Although many still debate the effectiveness of his presidency, most people agree that his transformational leadership approach was the prescribed style the country was in need of. Leadership Traits I believe that defining a leader by one set of traits can be challenging, if not impossible. That is mostly likely that when you research leadership traits you come across various opinions; among them is Baker (2001) who believes that when leaders are defined they should be defined based on the traits associated with three systems. These systems (Baker, 2001) include the classical system, the equilibrium system, and the transforming system. Each of the systems (Baker 2001) has traits associated with them, for the exception of the transforming system. If we buy into Baker’s trait theory (2001), the transforming system would be the group that would set the stage for defining the leadership needs that the United States was experiencing when President Obama took office. In the transforming system the leader’s role cannot be defined in advance, but emergences from the dissipative or transforming processes (Baker, 2001). As we see the constant introduction of challenges since President Obama took office his leadership style has had to adjust to function effectively. Leadership Styles As defining what leadership traits are has evolved, so follows the leadership styles and how they are best used. Some of these styles include charismatic leadership, transformational leadership, transactional leader, situational leaders, directive leadership style, coaching leadership style, supporting leadership style, and delegating leadership style.

Bluetooth Applications

BLUETOOTH APPLICATION ABSTRACT In the current scenario the world is plagued by accidents which are primarily due to human errors in judgment and hence thousands of lives are lost. These accidents can be avoided if only there was a mechanism to alert the driver of approaching danger. This can be done by monitoring the distance between nearby cars and alerting the driver whenever the distance becomes too short. This is precisely the aim of this paper.In this paper we propose the use of Bluetooth Technology by which we can check the speed of the car whenever it comes dangerously close to any other vehicle up front, thereby saving very many lives. CONTENTS: 1. INTRODUCTION 2. ROAD ACCIDENT STATISTICS 3. OPERATION 4. AUTOMATIC BRAKING SYSTEM 5. REPRESENTATION OF OUR IDEA 6. CONCLUSION 7. REFERENCES INTRODUCTION Since Bluetooth devices are capable of communicating with eight other devices simultaneously we can monitor and check the speeds of up to eight cars simultaneously, thus preventing accidents.Thus if we have two Bluetooth enabled devices in two cars the devices automatically communicate with each other when they come in the range of up to 100 meters of each other. The range is dependant on the power class of the product. Power transmission rates vary in many Bluetooth devices depending upon the power saving features available in a particular unit, bandwidth requirements, transmission distance. The statistics of road accidents is tremendous and highlights the need for such a system. The following is a statistic on the number of road accidents occurring each year.ROAD ACCIDENT STATISTICS OF INDIA 1970-2003 | |   |   |   |   |   |   | |Sl. No. | |Source:   Data received from States/UTs. | s OPERATION Because of traveling at high speeds there is a possibility of having accident. The figure 2 shows that when two cars or more come within the distance of 10 km at high speeds there is a possibility of having accidents. The Bluetooth radio is a short dist ance, low power radio operating in the unlicensed spectrum of 2. GHz and using a nominal antenna power of 20 dBm. [pic] At the 20 dB the range is 100 meters, meaning equipment must be Within 100 meters to each other (about 328 feet) to communicate using the Bluetooth standard. With the help of this technology we can send data to the eight devices. The group of eight devices is known as piconet. Here we have a piconet and a scatternet, in the piconet M is the master and S1 to S7 are the slaves [pic] Radio communication is subjected to noise and interference, as the 2. 4 GHz frequencies are shared between the all device in piconet.So the Bluetooth specification has solved this problem by employing what is called as spectrum spreading, in which the Bluetooth radio hops among different frequencies very quickly. There are 79 hops starting at 2. 402 GHz and stopping at 2. 480 GHz, each of which is displaced by 1 MHz. The Bluetooth avoids interference by hoping around these 79 frequencies 1600 times per second. So in order to avoid it we use bluetooth equipped car, in which each car have bluetooth transmitter and receiver. And the every car should have mini computer to monitor the relative position of the car with the other car. pic]When any car comes close together bluetooth device sends warning signal to the car. Based on the type of warning signal received the computer sends signal to the brake control system to slow down the speed of the car. There are two types of control signals. First type of signal control the speed of the car and the second type of signal is to overtake the car which is moving forward. Schematic diagram of car: [pic] AUTOMTIC BRAKE SYSTEM: The automatic brake system is the next generation braking system for controlling the speed of the car.On receiving the control signal from the traveling car the computer inside the car manipulates the signal and gives control signal to the braking system. There are four main components to an automatic brak ing system: †¢ speed sensors †¢ pump †¢ valves †¢ controller [pic] Automatic braking pump and valves The computer constantly monitors the distance between each of these cars and when it senses that the car is getting too close it moves the hydraulic valves to increase the pressure on the braking circuit, effectively increasing the braking force on the wheels.If the distance between two vehicle is within the 100m the Bluetooth devices get enabled and if the distance come closer within 10m the automatic braking system takes the control. After the speed of the car is reduced and distance increased the hydraulic valves decreases the pressure on the braking circuit, thus effectively decrease the braking force on the wheels. The following steps show the various functions of the hydraulic valves: †¢ in position one, the valve is open; pressure from the master cylinder is passed right through to the brake. in position two, the valve blocks the line, isolating that b rake from the master cylinder. This prevents the pressure from rising further should the driver push the brake pedal harder. †¢ in position three, the valve releases some of the pressure from the brake.REPRESENTATION OF OUR IDEA In the figure 7 when car A and car B come within the range of 100m both the Bluetooth devices get enabled and if any one of the car comes too fast then the bluetooth device sends a warning signal to the other car and it processes the signal and gives it to the automatic braking system. pic] CONCLUSION: The Bluetooth technology is being widely adopted by the Industry leaders. The possibility for new applications is very exciting with this Versatile technology. It provides a simple, logical answer to all the Problems-which is built a single common radio into every mobile computer, then neither do companies have to worry about WAN, nor do communication companies need to worry about building external cables. The Bluetooth communication device will thus be a small, low powered radio in a chip that will talk to other Bluetooth enabled products.Bluetooth has been designed to solve a number of connectivity problems experienced by the mobile workers & consumers. Thus, this technology helps make the electronic devices more user friendly and helps address various other problems like accidents. ———————– Fig 1 CAR 1 CAR 6 CAR 4 CAR 3 CAR 7 CAR 8 CAR 5 CAR 2 MINI COMPUTER INSIDE THE CAR Fig 2 M S72222222 S1 M2 S2 S1 M1/S S1 S1/S3 M1 S3 Fig 3 Fig 4 Fig 5 Fig 6 Within 10m Sends warning signal Receives signal and control the speed of car Fig 7

Disease Trends and the Delivery of Healthcare Services Essay

Aging and obesity are two components of disease trends in the United States. Studies, reports, articles, and many other forms of information have been conducted or written to see just how these components of disease trends will influence the delivery of health care. If Americans keep indulging, we will be the largest country in the world, and that is not speaking geographically. Not since the beginning of man has the world had so many older people. There is a large percentage of elderly, more so than ever before. This has not always been the case. It is documented, in 1930, that America’s aged 45-64 numbered less than 5. % of the American population. This day and age if you had 8 people at least one of them is 65 or older. From 2000 to 2010 that age group grew to 26. 4 percent of the American population. By the 2030 there will be 72. 1 million older people in the U. S. This is caused because of the â€Å"Baby Boomers†, people born between 1946 and 1964, are coming of retirement age (Transgenerational, 2013). . Environmental factors of ageing play a large role in the majority of cases of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease; two diseases that are closely related to ageing. Exposure to toxic chemicals and other pollutants, diet, exercise, and socioeconomic stress can also play a large role on how ageing can be affected. The coming of the millenniums the aging population has become a major demographic trend in the United Sates. Improved health and longevity and declining fertility have had a growth spurt in the older populations dramatically. Here are some interesting facts. A swelling Population (Transgenerational, 2013) * For the first time in history, people aged 65 and over will soon outnumber children under the age of 5. Throughout the world today, there are more people aged 65 and older than the entire populations of Russia, Japan, France, Germany and Australia—combined. * By 2030, 55 countries are expected to see their 65 and older populations at least 20 percent of their total. * By 2040, the global population is projected to number 1. 3 billion older people—accounting for 14 percent of the total. * By 2050, the U. N. estimates that the proportion of the world’s population age 65 and over will more than double, from 7. 6% today to 16. 2%. As the number of the elderly increases, public health challenges increase. At least 80% of people over 65 years of age have a chronic health condition and at least 50% have two chronic health issues. Diabetes, affects close to one out of five persons over the age of 65. Diabetes causes increased morbidity and health care cost is increased. Diabetes will intensify as the population ages; with more people over the age of 70 having the largest increase. By 2050 we are looking at least 8. 6 million men and women over the age of 70 with diabetes. Alzheimer is another disease affected by ageing. As adults live longer the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease, also increases. Close to 10% of over 65 and close to 47% over 85 suffer from this degenerative and debilitating disease (Transgenerational, 2013). A chronic condition, such as arthritis, is another disease affected by ageing and is a huge cause of disability. As the elderly are living longer there are more complications related to health than most anything else related to ageing. Everyday new medications ad new technologies are being created and can be contributed to people living longer. However, what the body is like at 55 years is not the same as it is at 75 years. You do not heal as fast or as well, therefore the rehabilitation process will take longer and cost more. The most common condition touching those 65 and older is coronary heart disease, and then stroke, cancer, pneumonia and the flu (AgingCare, 2013). Hip fracture from falls is another common factor of health complication in the elderly. Many of the elderly have at least one of the following ailments not previously mentioned, and some with two or more: (AgingCare, 2013) * Breathing Problems * Depression * Incontinence (urine and stool) * Cancer * Eye problems (cataracts, glaucoma, Macular Degeneration) As the body gets older, other things to be aware of are: (AgingCare, 2013) * A slower response time, which is really important when assessing if a person can drive handle a vehicle. * Thinner skin, which can lead to breakdowns and wounds that don’t heal quickly * A declining immune system, which can make warding off viruses, bacteria and diseases difficult * Reduced sense of taste or smell, which can lead to reduced appetite and dehydration Current and future trends of obesity are not looking too promising for Americans. Americans are fat, and we lie about it. Most women say they do not weigh as much as they really do and both men and women say they are taller than they really, so the body mass index are not true rates, either (insidermonkey, 2010) If we continue with the current trends of the past 30 years, we could be looking at 100% of an overweight population. By 2048, all African-American women could be obese and at least 90% of all Hispanic men could obese, too. 100% of the population overweight is another story. Here are some interesting facts: (insidermonkey, 2010) * Non-Hispanic black people have the highest obesity rate of 36. 8%. Hispanics have an obesity rate of 30. 7% Non-Hispanic white people have an obesity rate of 25. 2%. * Other races, such as Asians, have the lowest obesity rate of 16. 7%. * The obesity rate of people aged 18-29 is 20. 3%. * The rate is 27. 8% for 30-39 age group, 29. 4% for 40-49 age group, 31. 1% for 50-59 age groups. The obesity rate declines slightly to 30. 9% for the 60-69 age groups * Those who manage to stay alive past the age of 69 have an obesity rate of 20. 5%. Obesity is one of the factors causing heart disease, stroke, and diabetes (insidermonkey, 2010). A large portion of people that are obese are also diabetic. Environment, behavior and biology are the ntricate interactions from Obesities end result. The current obesity epidemic is caused more by the environmental factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle, setting and watching TV or playing games, eating fatty high calorie foods, than the actual biological factors. People watching televisions are flooded with commercials showing all the comfort foods craved by the public. The convenience of a drive through restaurant is more appealing to some than the grocery store and cooking a healthy meal. The fast food we buy is packed in portion sizes that are way out of line with the federal recommendations. Moreover, the imbalance if calorie intake and physical expenditure has decreased in today’s lifestyle. Fighting the obesity epidemic requires environmental and social policy changes, mainly in the portion sizes, making healthful foods more readily available and promoting physical activity. Obesity is known as the plague of the 21st century. Obesity is beginning to be one of the â€Å"sensitive† issue in the U. S. and people are afraid to discuss the issue because political correctness. Statistics do not tell the true story and are grossly underestimated. There are parts of the U. S. hat the obesity rates are highest and that is the Midwest and the South; the home of fried chicken and potatoes and gravy. The obesity rates are the lowest on the West coast and the Northeast; obviously, a fish eating population. A fun fact; the US is biggest Big Mac consumer in the world (insidermonkey, 2010). It is agreed by the healthcare professionals that the more overweight a person is, the more likely they are to have health problems. Overweight or obese people are at higher risk for chronic diseases (WebMD, 2012). If a person’s weight is at 20% over the maximum healthy weight considered for their height, they are thought to be obese. Those at greatest risks for overweight/obesity related conditions include: (WebMD, 2012) * People with a family history who have had heart disease or diabetes are more likely to develop these problems if they are obese. * High blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, or high blood sugar levels are all warning signs of some obesity-associated diseases. * â€Å"Apple† shaped. People whose weight is mostly around their stomachs may be at greater risk of developing heart disease, diabetes or cancer than people of the same weight who are â€Å"pear-shaped† (they carry their weight in their hips nd buttocks) (WebMD, 2012). Obesity can cause your health to suffer tremendously. It is harder on your heart and all your organs. A few of the main health issues can be blood pressure, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, high cholesterol and an over-all metabolic syndrome, this is a combination of a your blood sugars, blood pressure, high cholesterol and high triglycerides (agingc are,2013). Caring extra weight on your body frame also can be contributed to osteoarthritis. Sleep apnea is another health complication that can be linked to obesity (agingcare, 2013). You over-all quality of life may not be as good as it could be if you were not obese. Some of these issues may be, depression, discrimination, physical discomfort, shame, and even social isolation (Mayo Clinic, 2012). In 2030, it is estimated the older generation is be 20% of the American population. As people age in the future they will enjoy longer lives and better health. Older people will also be more active than in past generation; if the percentage of the elderly can stay below the obesity levels. Having the number of aged increased, there will be an increase in health-care cost, too. Many elderly will be independent and take care of themselves but many will also depend on the care of long-term facilities. The issue with this can be that the number of working tax payers may decreased in relativity to the number elderly increase. So, we might see inadequate public resources and less people being able to formally care for the elderly. The obese population already have a large medical costs of obesity are as high as $147 Billion. On average, obese people have medical costs that are $1429 more than medical costs of normal weight people (insidermonkey, 2010). Getting older is something we have no control of. We do have the control to prevent ourselves from becoming obese. We have control over what we put in our mouths. We have control over how we treat our bodies. If we are obese in our younger years, there is a possibility that we won’t make to our older years. It would be nice to know in 2030 we are not going to have a nation of old fat people. How we treat our bodies and how we teach our children to treat their bodies will tell how we are going to age and what quality of life we are going to have.

New Product Development (NDP)

New Product Development (NDP) Introduction Products act as the main source of monetary benefits that organisation organisations enjoy upon availing them to willing clients. An organisation may decide to increase its sales returns by colonising new markets. Due to differences in the needs of the target consumers in different markets, it may be compelled to either improve or develop completely new products to suit a market (Kim Wilemon, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on New Product Development (NDP) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This strategy is perhaps largely workable for Google when it chose to enter the Chinese market. Considering that the goal of new product development (NPD) entails coming up with products that succeed in a target market, using the case of Google China, this paper investigates the processes of developing such commodities. Purpose This paper discusses new product development at Google China. The discussion borrows fr om various theoretical frameworks for developing new products in organisations. The paper also conducts interviews on customers and company employees about the reception of Google China’s new products with the aim of developing an understanding on the effectiveness of NPD practices of the company. Background First led by Kai-Fu Lee, Google China began as a subsidiary of Google Company in 2005. It ranks the third position in the Chinese market after Soso and the Baidu. Carsten (2013) informs how it controlled a market size of about 338 million people in 2009. Over the years, the company has been struggling to expand its market. However, it has encountered immense challenges akin to the various legal regulations on search engines in China’s mainland. In 2010, Google searches were prohibited for some time in China’s mainland. Mobile searches and others yielded DNS errors (Carsten, 2013). Hong Kong does not censor search results for various search engines. Google Ch ina found it the most appropriate location from where to control the sharing of networking and information resources across the internet with Google customers who are located in the China. Marketing successful Google products elsewhere across the globe in the Chinese market is incredibly difficult because of censorship and other regulations on information sharing. The company endeavours to search new products that fit the Chinese search marketplace.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, it presumes that the software for android Smartphones has a high potential to succeed in the Chinese market. Google had controlled 29 percent of the total search market in China by 2010. However, this trend declined by 24 percent over 2012 before settling at 1.7 at the close of 2013 (Carsten, 2013). This poor performance attracted the necessity for the development of new pr oducts that suit the Chinese market. This case has been given priority if Google China has to operate in the market with success in the future. Scope New product development comprises all approaches that are applied to avail new products in all markets where an organisation’s operations are established. These strategies include idea development, design of the products, its engineering, marketing research, and promotion analysis. The scope of this paper is limited to product design, idea development, and engineering. The other two aspects (marketing analysis and research) focus on ensuring acceptance and performance of the products in the marketplace. Methodology This research uses both primary and secondary resources. Direct online interviews, which are conducted on employees and customers of Google China, are the sources of primary data. The interview questions are designed to eliminate ambiguity. This situation enhances clarity so that interviewees can respond accurately. T he interviews (as shown in appendix 1 and appendix 2) focus on determining the reception of Google products, which the Chinese people search consumers. The questions also target at determining the implication of censorship upon the consumption of the product. This information may provide an opportunity for benchmarking or reverse engineering in the development of new products that suit the Chinese consumers. A sample of 20 people (customers and Google China employees) was interviewed. Primary data is important in helping develop thumbnails for products that are likely to succeed in the Chinese market.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on New Product Development (NDP) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the development of the actual products requires the deployment of an appropriate NPD conceptual model. Therefore, a wide range of secondary data on frameworks of NPD becomes important. The most appropriate framework is then selected for analysis of Google China’s NPD processes. Assumptions The models deployed in the discussion of NPD are borrowed from secondary resources. Such models are developed for application in general organisations without considering specific needs in some markets. This research assumes that upon generation of ideas that measure up to the needs of the Chinese market, Goggle China can follow such models to create products that will succeed in the Chinese marketplace. The research also assumes that no other recent or better NPD models exist in unpublished scholarly works and/or stored in a form that is inaccessible through online libraries. Limitations Using online interviews to collect data in a nation where there is regulation of freedom of expression through online media is one of the major limitations of this research. Fear among the interviewees on the purpose or use of the information that is sought from them may increase their reluctance to participate in th e interviews. This situation has the implication of lowering the accuracy and reliability of the research findings and the offered recommendations. The approaches deployed by Google in NPD may also differ from those applied by other organisations. Thus, the process of generalising and applying the recommended NPD processes in other organisations is another limitation of the research. Frameworks Sequential Model The sequential model depicts the process that leads to the development of new products. It comprises a number of sequentially organised steps (Smith Reinertsen, 1998). Application to the Organisation Sequential model in figure 1 shows that NPD initiates with the development of the concept or a product idea before examination of the feasibility of the products. This case makes the model highly applicable in Google China since the challenge of developing new products that meet the needs of the China’s search market requires compliance with China’s rules and regul ations.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The feasibility of the product must be evaluated in the context of legal and regulatory environment so that a failure to pass the feasibility test calls for a re-examination of the concept before any other effort to develop the product further. Aspects such as the quality of the product and its capacity to satisfy of customer needs are also accomplished at the feasibility stage (Smith Reinertsen, 1998). In fact, at Google China, organisational resources can be wasted if software and applications developers initiate NPD process without total assurance of the likelihood of acceptance of the new product as it progresses in each stage of development. Overlapping Model The overlapping model approaches NPD process through the interactions of various professionals and work teams from the beginning to the end. Rather than operating through specialised stages, contribution of all players in the development process ensures attention to varying ideas since the development process takes place (Ulrich Eppinger, 2004). Under the model, each of the stages of NPD initiates before the end of the preceding stage (Ulrich Eppinger, 2004). Additionally, new product developers at one stage pre-visit the previous stage in an attempt to incorporate various changes to eliminate cascading bugs in the current stage from the previous stage as illustrated in figure 2 below. Figure 2: Overlapping Model in Product Development Source: (Ulrich Eppinger, 2004) Application to the Organisation While developing new Google China’s products, several variables may influence the success or failure of the overall development process. While implementing a phase in the NPD process, it important to consider the necessary changes in the previous phases in an effort to incorporate them in the second phase to increase the probability of success of later phases. For instance, it is important to evaluate a phase in the context of the likely omissions of legal requirements as they apply in Chinaâ⠂¬â„¢s search industry. Innovation Value Chain Framework Source: (Hansen Birkinshaw, 2007) Projected by Hansen and Birkinshaw (2007), the innovation value chain scheme presents four chronological stages, namely creation of thoughts, selection of the appropriate idea, transformation, and idea execution. The model provides an in-depth examination of an organisation’s efficacy through KPI constraints for gauging production capacity. The framework may be fruitful at Google China since it can be tailored to diverse production stages within the company Application to the Organisation The usability of the value chain framework to different sectors within Google China makes it feasible to gauge the circulation of various production strategies across many systems while at the same time weighing production at different departments that make the company. The framework can come in handy while determining production at Google China by enlightening its expenditure in IP security and/or i n structuring its status to advance its production volume. High-Tech model Google China operates in a technology intensive industry. This environment underlines the necessity for considering NPD models that are applicable to such an industry. Cooper and Edgett (2010) assert that high-tech organisations need to establish NPD models that incorporate their business objectives and specific goals. They suggested an NPD model that concentrates on these aspects. NPD comprises various stages, namely thought formation, plan selection, model testing and expansion, industry scrutiny, beta testing, bazaar investigation, methodological execution, commercialisation, and pricing of the new product (Cooper Edgett, 2010). However, the plan deviates from the sequential and overlapping models. It features a special concept, namely strategic arena, which only applies in high technology organisations (Cooper Edgett, 2010). This aspect refers to the particular business-oriented bazaar, trade, applicati ons, merchandise category, technology, or simply efforts that are concentrated on a new product (ZemlickienÄâ€", 2011). The model also highlights the importance of the use of strategic maps in the NPD process. Application to the Organisation Strategic maps help in assessing the most effective and important strategic arena (ZemlickienÄâ€", 2011). This claim suggests that they offer mechanisms of evaluating and visualising the mechanisms of addressing various factors that influence the NPD process. For Google China, strategic maps provide a room for incorporation of environmental factors that control the company’s success in the Chinese search market. In this sense, the model provides mechanisms for ensuring the development of customised Google products that are likely to boost the organisation’s competitive advantage in the Chinese market. Diamond Production Framework The diamond framework, which makes part of Porter’s work that sought to address the issue of c ompetition disparities with reference to different products, has five key production elements, namely product upgrading and technology plan, idea-to-launch procedure administration, portfolio supervision, atmosphere, traditions, headship, and new product performance. Source: (Rugman DCruz, 1993) Application in the Organisation Using this framework, Google China can think about three foremost matters, i.e. the availability of a premeditated product arrangement to advance its production levels, configuration of the plan with the company’s approaches, and the existence of reputable systems for ensuring successful execution of business strategies Critical Analysis Gaps Identified The aim of approaching the problem of NPD in the context of a conceptual model that has various decision loops or algorithms is to ensure a reduction of bugs that result in failures of new products either in the development process or soon after completion of the entire process. Identifying gaps in the organisation’s approach to NPD can help conceptualise an alternative approach to NPD, which will lead to the development of new products that have a higher probability of success in the market (Ulrich Eppinger, 2004). Google China uses NPD plan based on the standardised NPD model deployed by its parent company across all other markets, notwithstanding special laws and regulations in the Chinese market. This gap may explain the reduced success of Google success in China between 2010 and 2013 as discussed before. Strengths Although different NPD models have their strengths and weaknesses, consideration of strengths and weakness of the organisation in any market, which prompts the development of a new product is incredibly important. Google China has a large resource base support from the parent company akin to its successful global operations (Carsten, 2013). The resources can be utilised in marketing research to identify specific attributes for search engines that are valued by Chinese search consumers. This information can be deployed as inputs of idea conception stage, which is common to sequential, overlapping, and high-tech models, to enhance utility levels of new products in the market. Weaknesses Due to declining competitive advantage in the Chinese market, the company may encounter challenges while trying to place its new products successfully in the Chinese market. This possibility is a significant weakness upon considering that it has a low presence in the social media advertising. New media advertising constitutes one of the growing ways of communicating a product to consumers (Kotler, Adam, Denise, Armstrong, 2009). The company has no capacity to solicit for relaxation of Chinese laws and regulations on search engines. These inabilities create uncertainty on whether the nation will enact new laws that can create a non-conducive political climate for success of new products that are developed consistently with the provisions of the current l aws. Recommendations In a market where the existing products of an organisation perform poorly, introduction of new products becomes the only option to re-energise its operations. Developing a new product begins with the identification of an appropriate NPD model. Google Company approaches NPD from the context of examining ideas from its people. It prioritises the top most100 ideas, utilises agile approaches, promotes visibility, and/or pays attention to usability of its products. This approach fails to incorporate regulations such as censorship. The model generally applies in nations that have higher levels of freedom for expression and sharing of information. Thus, it is recommended for the company to incorporate this consideration while at the same time deploying either high-tech or overlapping NPD approaches in the Chinese market. Conclusion Organisational products undergo different phases, namely the development phase, the preamble stage, rapid growth stage, maturation, and dec line phase. At the decline phase, re-engineering or developing new products is important to prevent a total collapse of the organisation in a given market. Google China recognises the importance of developing a new product that will renew its fortunes in the Chinese market. NPD starts with identifying an appropriate model. The paper has discussed three NPD models together with their applicability at Google China. Reflection Any organisation that seeks to gain a competitive advantage in a market that is characterised by competition and statutory regulations must not only focus on compliance, but also look for products that meet consumer needs better than the competitor products. Through this assignment, I have learnt that introducing organisations’ operation in a new market requires the development or modification of products to meet specific needs of the market. The objective of any organisation is to deliver value to its owners. This value is normally expressed in terms of t he returns on investments. Organisations face the pressure of delivering value to not only to the owners, but also to other stakeholders who have stakes in the performance of the firm (Cooper Edgett, 2010). This goal cannot be achieved without high-performing products in the market since sales act as the main way of generating income in a profit-making organisation. By studying the case of Google China’s struggles in establishing itself in the Chinese search market, I have leant that total assessment and analysis of the organisational operation environment is important in avoiding failures in placing products in the new marketplace. Through the assignment, it is evident that the rules of new product development change with the changing external forces as an organisation ventures into different markets. This situation has altered my perception of new product development process as encompassing a holistic approach, which can be applied within any organisation with success. Ini tially, I viewed product development as a process that constitutes all steps that are necessary for ensuring that a new product satisfies the needs of the target market in terms of usability. However, it is now clear that although a product may be highly usable, a regulatory force can prevent its consumption in the market. Google Company has been successful in the global search market. Many organisations, especially software and networking applications companies, have benchmarked their NPD processes with those of Google. I believe Google Company is one of the global organisations whose products have received positive reception in all markets. However, through the assignment, it is clear that no single company’s NPD strategies can lead to the creation of new successful products in all markets. Thus, although benchmarking is essential, it is important for an organisation to approach new markets in an open-minded manner. This case ensures that the input for idea conception, anal ysis, and testing only depends on the anticipated environmental variables, but not on other variables that apply in another market segment. This assignment has provided a learning opportunity on how product development process occurs in real-life. It is not a straightforward approach, but an approach that requires many iterations and examination of probable products through several algorithms to enhance their positive reception in the market. For instance, through the interviews, potential customers of Google products in China unanimously agreed that if Google searches do not return DNS errors, which occur because of blocking of some sites due to censorship of the products to comply with China’s regulations, they could consume them. In this extent, focusing on a particular organisation has provided an opportunity to appreciate how a particular context in which an organisation influences its NPD conducts. Reference List Carsten, P. (2013). Microsoft Blocks Censorship of Skype in China: Advocacy Group. Retrieved from www.nbcnews.com/tech/internet/microsoft-blocks-censorship-skype-china-advocacy-group-f2D11664965 Cooper, G., Edgett, E. (2010). Developing a product innovation and technology strategy for your business. Research Technology Management, 53(3), 33-40. Hansen, M., Birkinshaw, J. (2007). The Innovation, Value Chain. Harvard Business Review, 85(6), 87-98. Kim, J., Wilemon, D. (2007). Sources and Assessment of Complexity in NPD Projects. RD Management, 33(1), 16-30. Kotler, P., Adam, S., Denise, S., Armstrong. (2009). Principles of Marketing. Australia: Prentice Hall. Rugman, M., DCruz, R. (1993). The double diamond model of international competitiveness: Canadas experience. Management International Review, 33(2), 17–39. Smith, P., Reinertsen, D. (1998). Developing Products in Half the Time. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Ulrich, K., Eppinger, S. (2004). Product Design and Development. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ZemlickienÄâ€", V. (2011). Analysis of High-Technology Product Development Models. Intellectual Economics, 5(2), 283-297. Appendices Appendix 1: Interview questions Are you an employee or potential customer of Google China? Employee customer/potential customer If you are an employee, what is your experience with Google China? Always occupied in troubleshooting networks and directing customer traffic Hardly occupied in troubleshooting networks and directing customer traffic If you are customer/potential customer, have you ever used Google China search products Yes No If your response to question 3 is No, why? Highly censored Always returns DNS error If your response to 4 is b, can you consider using the products if Google China search products do not return DNS error or when censorship is limited? Yes No Appendix 2: Interview Reponses Question Response a b 1 4 16 2 0 4 3 3 13 4 5 8 5 8

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